While space telescopes like JWST and Hubble help us peer back into the deep history of the universe, on Earth, fossils tell the stories of our past. This week, we observe a massive galaxy cluster and a strange, gravitationally influenced galaxy. Plus a pyrite-filled fossil, an orbital sunrise, and the Moon next to a ground-based radio telescope dish.
Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, H. Atek, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb); Acknowledgments: R. Endsley
Monday, 2 June 2025
In this new NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope picture, the eye is first drawn to the central mega-monster, galaxy cluster Abell S1063. This behemoth collection of galaxies, lying 4.5 billion light-years from Earth in the constellation Grus (the Crane), dominates the scene. Looking more closely, this dense collection of heavy galaxies is surrounded by glowing streaks of light, and these warped arcs are the true object of scientists’ interest: faint galaxies from the Universe’s distant past.
This new imagery from Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) showcases an incredible forest of lensing arcs around Abell S1063. These arcs reveal distorted background galaxies at a range of cosmic distances, along with a multitude of faint galaxies and previously unseen features.
Credit: Didier Descouens via Wikimedia Commons
Tuesday, 3 June 2025
Triarthrus eatoni is a trilobite of the family Olenidae and the order Ptychopariida. This fossil was collected from the Frankfort Shale, Sixmile Creek in Cleveland's Glen, near Rome, Oneida Co., New York, USA, from the Upper Ordovician (Caradoc, 458 to 448 mjo). It shows the biramous appendages and antennae deposited as pyrite.
Credit: Y. Villalon/ESO
Wednesday, 4 June 2025
Two large, pale discs can be seen in today's PPOD: one of them in the Atacama Desert, the other orbiting the Earth 384,000 km away. The latter is our ever-present Moon, faintly hanging in the clear blue sky. Next to it is the real star of the image: one of the antennas of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
ALMA, which ESO operates together with international partners, is made up of 66 such antennas, spread out atop the 5000-m high Chajnantor Plateau in Chile. Unlike optical telescopes, which gather light in wavelengths that we can see, these dishes observe the cool corners of the Universe using longer, invisible wavelengths — somewhere between infrared radiation and radio waves.
These antennas work together, creating a huge virtual telescope with a complex technique called interferometry. By adjusting the separation between the antennas, which can go up to 16 km, astronomers can study cosmic objects in different levels of detail. With all of its individual dishes working together in perfect harmony, ALMA truly becomes more than the sum of its parts.
Credit: NASA, ESA, Hubble, HLA; Processing & Copyright: Domingo Pestana
Thursday, 5 June 2025
Here you can see the galaxy catalogued as UGC 1810 by itself, but with its collisional partner, it is known as Arp 273. The overall shape of the UGC 1810 -- in particular its blue outer ring -- is likely a result of wild and violent gravitational interactions. This ring's blue color is caused by massive, super-hot stars that formed only in the past few million years. The inner galaxy appears older, redder, and threaded with cool filamentary dust. A few bright stars appear in the foreground, unrelated to UGC 1810, while several galaxies are visible well in the background. Arp 273 lies about 300 million light years away toward the constellation of Andromeda. Quite likely, UGC 1810 will devour its galactic sidekick over the next billion years and settle into a classic spiral form.
Credit: NASA JSC
Friday, 6 June 2025
Let's end the week with the early morning hues of an orbital sunrise, as seen from the International Space Station on April 28, 2021, as it soared 425 kilometers above the China-Russia border in far eastern Asia near the Sea of Japan.
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